Echocardiographic Anatomy in the Fetus

Whether in fetal or postnatal life, echocardiographic diagnosis is based on moving images. With recent advances in ultrasound systems, storing multiple digital frames and clips with superb image quality has become a reality. These advances have brought innovative applications into the clinical field and can be integrated into powerful multimedia presentations for teaching purposes.

"Echocardiographic diagnosis is based on moving images. Recent advances in ultrasound systems have brought innovative applications into the clinical field and can be integrated into powerful multimedia presentations for teaching. The CD-ROM accompanying the book presents morphological pictures from tomographic sections of the whole fetal body, combined with high quality dynamic echocardiographic images of normal fetuses and of some of the most common congenital heart defects."

Basic Principles of Diagnosis.- General Guidelines.- Determining the Laterality of the Fetal Body and Image Orientation.- The Visceroatrial Arrangement (Situs).- The Cardiac Position and Axis Orientation.- Principles of Segmental Analysis.- Echocardiographic Projections.- The Transverse Views of the Upper Abdomen.- The Four-Chamber View.- The Five-Chamber View.- The Three-Vessel View.- The Arterial Duct Transverse View.- The Aortic Arch Transverse View.- The Arterial Duct and Aortic Arch Transverse View.- The Inferior and Superior Vena Cava Long-Axis View (The Bicaval View).- The Aortic Arch Long-Axis View.- The Arterial Duct Long-Axis View.- Special Considerations on the Arterial Duct and Aortic Arch Views.- The Right Ventricle Outflow View.- The Left Ventricle Short-Axis View.- The Left Ventricle Long-Axis View.- Echocardiographic and Morpologic Overview.- Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Assessment of the Fetal Heart.- The Role of the Pathologist in the Diagnosis of Fetal Heart Disease.