Ecological Systems of the Geobiosphere

In Volume 1 of this four-volume series, ecological problems of a general nature were discussed from a global point of view. Familiarity with this is essential for a full understanding of the more specialized treatment in this and subsequent volumes, for no similar approach is to be found in other ecological handbooks for beginners. This present volume deals in detail with the special ecological relation­ ships of the tropical and subtropical zonobiomes I to III. Most ecologists proceed from the basis of their experience in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere. As a result, many ecological writings show a certain one-sidedness and there is a danger that generalizations made will not be broadly applicable. To avoid this, particular emphasis is laid, in this vol­ urne, on the special ecological features and the characteristics of the trop­ ical and subtropical regions. More specifically, we deal not only with the relationship of the euclimatope to zonal soils and zonal vegetation, but also pay attention to azonal conditions shown in pedobiomes and in the altitudinal belts of mountains, the orobiomes. In this and the subsequent volumes the same simple scheme is followed in treating each zonobiome: 1. climate; 2. soils; 3. producers; 4. consum­ ers; 5. decomposers; 6. ecosystems; 7. sub division into biomes; 8. oro­ biomes; 9. pedobiomes and 10. zonoecotones. Where it has appeared expedient, however, we have occasionally deviated from this scheme (see Deserts D, F, G and H).

1: Zonobiome I: Equatorial ZB with Diurnal Climate (Perhumid Zonobiome).- 1 Climatic Conditions.- 2 The Soils.- 3 Producers.- 4 Consumers.- 5 Decomposers.- 6 The Ecosystems of Zonobiome I.- 7 An Attempted Subdivision of Zonobiome I into Eubiomes.- 8 Equatorial Orobiome I.- 9 The Pedobiome of Zonobiome I.- 10 The Zonoecotones.- 2: Zonobiome II: Tropical ZB with Summer Rainfall (Humid-Arid Climate).- 1 Climatic Conditions.- 2 Soil Conditions.- 3 Producers.- 4 The Consumers.- 5 The Decomposers.- 6 Ecosystems Within ZB II.- 7 Provisional Subdivision of Zonobiome II into Eubiomes.- 8 Orobiome II.- 9 The Pedobiomes of Zonobiomes I and II.- 10 Zonoecotone II/III.- 3: Zonobiome III: Subtropical Deserts (The Arid Zonobiome).- 1 Climatic Conditions.- 2 Desert Soils.- 3 The Producers.- 4 The Consumers.- A Sonoran Desert.- B The Peruvian-Chilean Desert.- C The Namib Fog Desert in Southern Africa.- D The Karoo in South Africa.- E The Arid Regions of Australia 330 Introduction.- F The Sahara with Egypt.- G Arabian Peninsula.- H Sinai Peninsula and Negev Desert.- Appendix (Maps of the Zonobiomes).- References.