Weddell Sea Ecology

The European Polarstern Study 1988/89 2 3 Gotthilf Hempel Jarl-Ove Stromberg and Victor Smetacek 1 Zentrum fUr Marine Tropen6kologie, Centre for Tropical Marine Ecology, Universitatsallee GW lIA, D-2800 Bremen 33, FRG 2 Kristineberg Marine Biological Station, Kristineberg 2130, S-45034 Fiskebackskil, Sweden 3 Alfred-Wegener-Institut fUr Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG This volume of"Polar Biology" is the product of a new ap­ Antarctic; experimental and field; shallow water and ocea­ proach to promote international cooperation in polar ma­ nic; open water and pack-ice. All this was considered to sti­ rine ecology - the European Polarstern Study (EPOS). This mulate and implant new ideas, approaches and methods venture brougth together 131 scientists from 14 countries in into marine Antarctic research, which had tended to be­ Western and Central Europe and South America who parti­ come somewhat dissociated from the main stream of inter­ cipated in a series of three cruises on the ice-breaking rese­ national marine ecology. To give some examples: Finnish arch vessel "Polarstern" to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica, from microbiologists normally studying bacteria in the freshwa­ early austral spring to late autumn of19 88/89. The articles in ter ice of the Bothnian Bay, together with Dutch planktolo­ this volume represent some of the contributions presented gists who had worked in Indonesian waters, coorporated at the EPOS Symposium held in Bremerhaven, Germany, in with German marine glaciologists. Ajoint Swedish-N orwe­ May 1991.

The role of sea ice in structuring Antartic ecosystems.- Community structure of the epipelagic zooplankton community under the sea-ice of the northern Weddell Sea.- Elemental composition of suspended matter in the Scotia-Weddell Confluence area during spring and summer 1988 (EPOS Leg 2).- Respiratory electron transport activity in plankton of the Weddell and Scotia Seas during late spring-early summer: relationships with other biological parameters.- Abundance of Cryptophyceae and chlorophyll b -containing organisms in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence area in the spring of 1988.- Loricate choanoflagellates of the Southern Ocean with new observations on cell division in Bicosta spinifera (Throndsen, 1970) from Antarctica and Saroeca attenuata Thomsen, 1979, from the Baltic Sea.- Early summer distribution of Antarctic krill sexual development in the Scotia-Weddell region: a multivariate approach.- Krill diet affects feacal string settling.- The distribution and abundance of krill faecal material and oval pellets in the Scotia and Weddell Seas (Antarctica) and their role in particle flux.- Top predators as indicators for ecosystem events in the confluence zone and marginal ice zone of the Weddell and Scotia seas, Antarctica, November 1988 to January 1989 (EPOS Leg 2).- Quantitative distribution of the shelf and slope molluscan fauna (Gastropoda, Bivalvia) of the Eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica).- Reproductive biology of caridean decapods from the Weddell Sea.- New results of the ¿EPOS¿ leg 3 cruise to Antarctica: Horizontal and vertical distribution of isopods (Crustacea) in the eastern Weddell Sea.- Egg size and composition ain Ceratoserolis (Crustacea: Isopoda) from the Weddell Sea.- The primary structure and oxygen-binding properties of the single haemoglobin of the high-Antarctic fish Aethotaxis mitopteryx DeWitt.- Haematological studies on Aethotaxis mitopteryx DeWitt, a high-Antarctic fish with a single haemoglobin.- Dynamics of nutrients and phytoplankton, and fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and silicon in the Antarctic Ocean.- Influence of physical and biological processes on the concentration of O2 and CO2 in the ice-covered Weddell Sea in the spring of 1988.- The Antarctic Coastal Current in the southeastern Weddell Sea.- Fluxes of gases in an ice related ecosystem in the northwestern Weddell Sea.- Bottom-up and top-down controls of the microbial food web in the Southern Ocean: experiments with manipulated microcosms.- Spatial distribution of bacterioplankton production across the Weddell-Scotia Confluence during early austral summer 1988¿1989.- Marine bacterioplankton at the Weddell Sea ice edge, distribution of psychrophilic and psychrotrophic populations.- Interactions in the microbial community of the marginal ice zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea through size distribution analysis.- Biogenic particles and nano/picoplankton in water masses over the Scotia-Weddell Sea Confluence, Antarctica.- Phytoplankton distribution in relation to sea ice, hydrography and nutrients in the northwestern Weddell Sea in early spring 1988 during EPOS.- On processes determining the vertical stability of surface waters in the marginal ice zone of the north-western Weddell Sea and their relationship with phytoplanktonbloom development.- Nitrogen uptake in the Weddell Sea during late winter and spring.- Organic carbon in the upper layer and its sedimentation during the ice-retreat period in the Scotia-Weddell Sea, 1988.- Acoustic observations on krill spring-summer migration and patchiness in the northern Weddell Sea.- Life under extreme conditions: aspects of evolutionary adaptation to temperature in crustacean proteases.- Respiratory electron transport activity of microplankton in the Weddell Sea during early spring: influence of the ice cover and the ice edge.- Macrofaunal communities on the continental shelf and slope of the southeastern Weddell Sea, Antarctica.- Quantitative investigations on macrobenthos communities of the southeastern Weddell Sea shelf based on multibox corer samples.- Notes on the reproduction of high-Antarctic molluscs from the Weddell Sea.- Meiofauna communities along a depth transect off Halley Bay (Weddell Sea-Antarctica).- Gross and net primary production in the Scotia-Weddell Sea sector of the Southern Ocean during spring 1988.- Ice algae during EPOS, leg 1: assemblages, biomass, origin and nutrients.- On the factors controlling phytoplankton ice edge blooms in the marginal ice zone of the northwestern Weddell Sea during sea ice retreat 1988.