Mass Spectrometry in Polymer Chemistry

Combining an up-to-date insight into mass-spectrometric polymer analysis beyond MALDI with application details of the instrumentation, this is a balanced and thorough presentation of the most important and widely used mass-spectrometric methods.Written by the world's most proficient experts in the field, the book focuses on the latest developments, covering such technologies and applications as ionization protocols, tandem and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, gas-phase ion-separation techniques and automated data processing. Chapters on sample preparation, polymer degradation and the usage of mass-spectrometric tools on an industrial scale round off the book.As a result, both entrants to the field and experienced researchers are able to choose the appropriate methods and instrumentations -- and to assess their respective strengths and limitations -- for the characterization of polymer compounds.

IntroductionMASS ANALYSISIntroductionMeasures of PerformanceInstrumentationInstrumentation in Tandem and Multiple-Stage Mass SpectrometryConclusions and OutlookIONIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR POLMYER MASS SPECTROMETRYIntroductionSmall Molecule Ionization EraMacromass Era of IonizationModern Era of Ionization TechniquesConclusionsTANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF POLYMER STRUCTURES AND ARCHITECTURESIntroductionActivation MethodsInstrumentationStructural Information from MS2 StudiesSummary and OutlookMATRIX-ASSISTED INLET IONIZATION AND SOLVENT-FREE GAS-PHASE SEPARATION USING ION MOBILITY SPECTROMETRY FOR IMAGING AND ELECTRON TRANSFER DISSOCIATION MASS SPECTROMETRY OF POLYMERSOverviewIntroductionNew Sample Introduction TechnologiesFragmentation by ETD and CIDSurface Analyses by Imaging MSFuture OutlookPOLYMER MALDI SAMPLE PREPARATIONIntroductionRoles of the MatrixChoice of MatrixChoice of the SolventBasic Solvent-Based Sample Preparation RecipeDeposition MethodsSolvent-Free Sample PreparationThe Vortex MethodMatrix-to-Analyte RatioSalt-to-Analyte RatioChromatography as Sample PreparationProblems in MALDI Sample PreparationPredicting MALDI Sample PreparationConclusionsSURFACE ANALYSIS AND IMAGING TECHNIQUESImaging Mass SpectrometrySecondary Ion Mass SpectrometryMatrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI)Other Surface Mass Spectrometry MethodsOutlookHYPHENATED TECHNIQUESIntroductionPolymer Separation TechniquesPrinciples of Coupling: Transfer DevicesExamplesConclusionsAUTOMATED DATA PROCESSING AND QUANTIFICATION IN POLMYER MASS SPECTROMETRYIntroductionFile and Data FormatsOptimization of Ionization ConditionsAutomated Spectral Analysis and Data Reduction in MSCopolymer AnalysisData Interpretation in MS/MSQuantitative MS and the Determination of MMDs by MSConclusions and OutlookCOMPREHENSIVE COPOLYMER CHARACTERIZATIONIntroductionScopeReviewsSoft Ionization TechniquesSeparation Prior MSTandem MS (MS/MS)Quantitative MSCopolymers for Biological or (Bio)medical ApplicationSoftware DevelopmentSummary and OutlookELUCIDATION OF REACTION MECHANISMS: CONVENTIONAL RADICAL POLYMERIZATIONIntroductionBasic Principles and General ConsiderationsInitiationPropagationTerminationChain TransferEmulsion PolymerizationConclusionELUCIDATION OF REACTION MECHANISMS AND POLYMER STRUCTURE: LIVING/CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATIONProtocols Based on a Persistent Radical Effect (NMP, ATRP, and Related)Protocols Based on Degenerative Chain Transfer (RAFT, MADIX)Protocols Based on CCTNovel Protocols and Minor ProtocolsConclusionsELUCIDATON OF REACTION MECHANISMS: OTHER POLYMERIZATION MECHANISMSIntroductionRing-Opening Polymerization Mechanisms of Cyclic EthersRing-Opening Polymerization Mechanisms of Cyclic Ethers and CarbonatesRing-Opening Metathesis PolymerizationMechanisms of Step-Growth PolymerizationConcluding RemarksPOLYMER DEGRADATIONIntroductionThermal and Thermo-Oxidative DegradationPhotolysis and PhotooxidationBiodegradationOther Degradation ProcessesConclusionsOUTLOOK