Sample Preparation with Nanomaterials

The use of nanomaterials opened new perspectives also in analytical chemistry. Despite significant advances in instrumentation, sample preparation remained a bottleneck. The special features of nanomaterials such as ultra-small size and huge surface-to-volume ratio could recently be successfully implemented in sample preparation procedures. This monograph gives a comprehensive overview of these developments: From special properties of nanomaterials over physico-chemical background up to most recent and representative applications (e.g. membranes, lab-on-a-chip echnology, and SERS), all important aspects are covered. Additionl chapters on toxicity, legal and environmental aspects make this book an unique reference.

1 Nanomaterials (NMs) in Analytical Sciences1.1 Introduction1.2 Types of NMs1.3 Applications of NMs1.4 ConclusionsReferences2 Special Properties of Nanomaterials (NMs) for SamplePreparation2.1 Introduction2.2 Mechanical Properties of NMs2.3 Thermal Properties of NMs2.4 Electrical Properties of NMs2.5 Optical Properties of NMs2.6 Magnetic Properties of NMs2.7 Adsorption Properties of NMs2.8 ConclusionsReferences3 Adsorption Mechanism on Nanomaterials (NMs)3. 1Introduction3.2 Adsorption Process3.3 Conclusions and Future PerspectiveReferences4 Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) as Adsorbents for SamplePreparation4.1 Introduction4.2 Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs)4.3 Adsorption on CNMs4.4 Applications of CNMs4.5 ConclusionsReferences5 Membrane Applications of Nanomaterials (NMs)5.1 Introduction935.2Traditional Membranes5.2 Traditional Membranes5.3 Carbon Nanomaterial-based Membranes5.4 Nanoparticle-based Membranes5.5 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP)-based Membranes5.6 ConclusionsReferences6 Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) withNanomaterials (NMs)6.1 Introduction6.2 Theory of SERS6.3 SERS Mechanisms6.4 Determination of SERS Enhancement Factor6.5 Selection Rules6.6 Fabrications of SERS Substrates6.7 Applications of SERS6.8 ConclusionsReferences7 Nanomaterials (NMs) for Biological Sample Preparations7.1 Introduction7.2 The Use of NMs in Diagnostic Platforms7.3 NMs-based Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) Platforms7.4 Biomedical Applications of NMs7.5 Sensor Applications of NMs7.6 Conclusions8 Magnetic Nanomaterials for Sample Preparation8.1 Introduction8.2 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles8.3 Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE)8.4 Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction (MSPE)8.5 Conclusions and Future TrendsReferences9 Lab on Chip with Nanomaterials (NMs)9.1 Introduction9.2 Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) Concept9.3 NM-Based LOC Platforms9.4 Conclusions and Future PerspectivesReferences10 Toxicity and Risk Assessment of Nanomaterials10.1 Introduction10.2 Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials10.3 Toxicity Mechanism of Nanomaterials10.4 The Traditional Risk Assessment Paradigm10.5 Strategies for Improving Specific Risk Assessment10.6 ConclusionsReferences11 Economic Aspects of Nanomaterials (NMs) for SamplePreparation11.1 Introduction11.2 Toxicity Concerns of NMs11.3 Global Market for NM-Based Products11.4 ConclusionsReferences12 Legal Aspects of Nanomaterials (NMs) for SamplePreparation12.1 Introduction12.2 Safety Issues of NMs12.3 Regulatory Aspects of NMs12.4 ConclusionsReferences13 Monitoring of Nanomaterials (NMs) in the Environment13.1 Introduction13.2 Toxicity and Safety Concerns of NMs13.3 Main Sources and Transport Routes of Nanopollutants13.4 Requirements of Analytical Approaches13.5 Sampling of NMs in Environmental Samples13.6 Separation of NMs in Environmental Samples13.7 Detection Techniques for the Characterization of NMs13.8 ConclusionsReferences14 Future Prospect of Sampling14.1 Introduction14.2 Sampling14.3 Sample Preparation14.4 Green Chemistry14.5 Miniaturization of Analytical Systems14.6 ConclusionsReferences