Langbeschreibung
VVarious antiseptic agents, such as chlorhexidine, are used for different applications, e.g. in healthcare, veterinary medicine, animal production and household products, including cosmetics. However, not all antiseptic agents provide significant health benefits, especially in some products used in human medicine (alcohol-based hand rubs, antimicrobial soaps). While some products (antimicrobial soaps, surface disinfectants, instrument disinfectants, wound antiseptics) may contain one or more biocidal agents with a comparable antimicrobial efficacy but large differences in their potential for microbial adaptation and tolerance. An increased bacterial resistance has been described for various antimicrobial agents, sometimes including a cross-resistance to antibiotics.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
1. Chemical characterization.- 2. Types of application.- 2a. Approval by ECHA.- 2b. Approval by EPA.- 2c. Amounts per type of application (overall environmental impact).- 3. Spectrum of antimicrobial activity.- 3a. Bactericidal activity.- 3b. Fungicidal activity.- 3c. Mycobactericidal activity.- 3d. Virucidal activity.- 3e. Sporicidal activity.- 4. Natural resistances.- 5. Adaptation after exposure.- 5a. Per type of typical application.- 6. 7. Cross-resistance to other biocidal agents.- 8. Cross-resistances to antibiotics.- 9. Proposal for responsible use (antiseptic stewardship).