Ecological Genetics

Ecological Genetics addresses the fundamental problems of which of the many molecular markers should be used and how the resulting data should be analysed in clear, accessible language, suitable for upper-level undergraduates through to research-level professionals.* A very accessible straightforward text to deal with this difficult topic - applying modern molecular techniques to ecological processes.* Written by active researchers and teachers within the field.* There will be an accompanying web site managed by the authors, comprising of worked examples, test data sets and hyperlinks to relevant web pages.

Preface viiAbbreviations x1 Ecological genetics 1Summary 11.1 What is ecological genetics? 11.2 Why study ecological genetics? 3References 42 Markers and sampling in ecological genetics 6Summary 62.1 Introduction 62.2 Methods of data generation 72.3 Principles of sampling 152.4Practice 202.5 Within-population sampling 222.6 Among-population sampling 342.7 Power analysis 342.8 Further reading 35Essential methods information 36References 453 Genetic diversity and differentiation 52Summary 523.1 Introduction 523.2 Factors influencing diversity and differentiation 533.3 The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium 583.4Genetic diversity 623.5 Genetic differentiation 693.6 Genetic distance 813.7 Statistical approaches 863.8 Use of genetic diversity statistics 893.9 Concluding remarks 1003.10 Further reading 100References 1004 Gene flow and mating system 106Summary 1064.1 Introduction 1064.2 Factors governing gene flow 1074.3 Considerations for measuring gene flow 1154.4 Measuring gene flow - indirect estimates 1224.5 Measuring gene flow - direct estimates 1344.6 The importance of biological and environmental factors on gene flow 143References 1455 Intraspecific phylogenies and phylogeography 150Summary 1505.1 Introduction 1505.2 Homology, gene trees, and species trees 1575.3 Tree form and building 1595.4Tree interpretation 1705.5 Organelle versus nuclear intraspecific phylogenies 1795.6 Further reading 180Essential methods information 181References 1856 Speciation and hybridization 189Summary 1896.1 Introduction 1896.2 Species 1906.3 Speciation 1946.4 Hybridization 2046.5 Analysis of speciation and hybridization 2066.6 Future developments 2336.7 Further reading 233References 2337 Case studies in ecological genetics: Lycaenid butterflies, ragworts, bears, and oaks 243Summary 2437.1 Introduction 2447.2 Lycaenid butterflies 2447.3 European ragworts 2577.4Brown bears 2657.5 European oaks 274References 292Appendix A: Data analysis software 300Appendix B: Which distance algorithm should be used and when? 306Glossary 313Index 320