Countering Nuclear and Radiological Terrorism

Sinc the dissolution of the Soviet Union the nuclear threats facing the world are complex and constantly evolving.This volume is structured to promote wide-ranging, multi-national exploration of critical technology needs and underlying scientific challenges to reducing the threat of nuclear/radiological terrorism; to illustrate through country-specific presentations how resulting technologies were used in national programs; and to outline the role of legal, policy and institutional frameworks in countering nuclear/radiological terrorism.

"With the dissolution of the Soviet Union the nuclear threats facing the world are constantly evolving and have grown more complex since the end of the Cold War. The diversion of complete weapon systems or nuclear material to rogue nations and terrorist organizations has increased and new nuclear powers (e.g. Iran, Korea, Pakistan and India) have further complicated global proliferation issues. The events of the past years have proved the necessity to reevaluate these threats on a level never before considered. In recognition that no single country possesses all of the answers to the critical scientific, institutional and legal questions associated with combating nuclear and radiological terrorism, the 2005 Workshop and this proceeding was structured to promote wide-ranging, multi-national exploration of critical technology needs and underlying scientific challenges to reducing the threat of nuclear/radiological terrorism; to illustrate through country-specific presentations how resulting technologies were used in national programs; and to outline the role of legal, policy and institutional frameworks in countering nuclear/radiological terrorism. One key outcome of this book is better understanding of the independent contributions from across the international community of the scientific and technological components and the legal, policy and institutional components to combating nuclear/radiological terrorism. The book can serve as a tool for communicating the outcomes of the workshop not only to the multi-national scientific communities engaged in combating nuclear/radiological terrorism, but also to those working at governmental and policy levels whose actions affect the directions the science takes and how the technology is incorporated into country-specific national systems for combating nuclear/radiological terrorism. TOC:I. Planning for Countering Nuclear Terrorism.- Motivation and Redirection: Rationale and Achievements in the Russian Closed Nuclear Cities.- Implementation Of The 8 July 2005 Amendment to the Convention On The Physical Protection Of Nuclear Material.- Nuclear Material Security Needs in the 21st Century.- Multi-Attribute Analysis Of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Resistance To Nuclear Weapons Proliferation.- Key Aspects On The Non-Proliferation Measures.- Security Of Radioactive Materials For Medical Use.- II. Protecting Nuclear Power Plants.- On The Importance Of The Security And Safety Of The Reactor Pressure Vessel to External Threats.- Proliferation Resistance Features in Nuclear Reactor Designs.- The Role Of Structural Materials in The Vulnerability Of Nuclear Power Plants.- III. Responding to Nuclear Terrorism.- Combating Radiological Terrorism - a Multi-Faceted Challenge.- Estimation Of Inhalation Radiation Doses Associated With a 90sr Dirty Bomb Even.-Status Of The Rodos System For Off-Site Emergency Management After Nuclear and Radiological Accidents.- Decision Making After The Use of Radiological Dispersion Devices.- Use Of The Decision Support System Recass Nt For Antiterrorism Actions.- Mobile Measurement Facilities For The Real-Time Interaction With The Recass Nt System In Antiterrorism Actions.- IV. Radiation Detection.- Effects of Tellurium Precipitates on Charge Collection in Czt Nuclear Radiation Detectors.- Combined Sensors for the Detection, Identification and Monitoring of Radiation Sources.- Experimental Model Of The Device for Detection Of Nuclear Cycle Materials By Photoneutron Technology.- Instrumentation Measurement and Testing Complex for Detection and Identification Of Radioactive Materials Using the Emitted Radiation.- Using Associated Particle Technique For Detection Of Shielded Nuclear Materials (Nm.- Use Of Neutron Based Techniques In The Control Of Illicit Trafficking Of Fissile and Explosive Material.- Index.-"

PLANNING FOR COUNTERING NUCLEAR TERRORISM.- MOTIVATION AND REDIRECTION: RATIONALE AND ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE RUSSIAN CLOSED NUCLEAR CITIES.- IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 8 JULY 2005 AMENDMENT TO THE CONVENTION ON THE PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL.- NUCLEAR MATERIAL SECURITY NEEDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY.- MULTI-ATTRIBUTE ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE RESISTANCE TO NUCLEAR WEAPONS PROLIFERATION.- KEY ASPECTS ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION MEASURES.- SECURITY OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS FOR MEDICAL USE.- PROTECTING NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS.- ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SECURITY AND SAFETY OF THE REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL TO EXTERNAL THREATS.- PROLIFERATION RESISTANCE FEATURES IN NUCLEAR REACTOR DESIGNS.- THE ROLE OF STRUCTURAL MATERIALS IN THE VULNERABILITY OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS.- RESPONDING TO NUCLEAR TERRORISM.- COMBATING RADIOLOGICAL TERRORISM - A MULTI-FACETED CHALLENGE.- ESTIMATION OF INHALATION RADIATION DOSES ASSOCIATED WITH A 90SR DIRTY BOMB EVENT.- STATUS OF THE RODOS SYSTEM FOR OFF-SITE EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AFTER NUCLEAR AND RADIOLOGICAL ACCIDENTS.- DECISION MAKING AFTER THE USE OF RADIOLOGICAL DISPERSION DEVICES.- USE OF THE DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM RECASS NT FOR ANTITERRORISM ACTIONS.- MOBILE MEASUREMENT FACILITIES FOR THE REAL-TIME INTERACTION WITH THE RECASS NT SYSTEM IN ANTITERRORISM ACTIONS.- RADIATION DETECTION.- EFFECTS OF TELLURIUM PRECIPITATES ON CHARGE COLLECTION IN CZT NUCLEAR RADIATION DETECTORS.- COMBINED SENSORS FOR THE DETECTION, IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING OF RADIATION SOURCES.- EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF THE DEVICE FOR DETECTION OF NUCLEAR CYCLE MATERIALS BY PHOTONEUTRON TECHNOLOGY.- INSTRUMENTATION MEASUREMENT AND TESTING COMPLEX FOR DETECTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS USING THE EMITTED RADIATION.- USING ASSOCIATED PARTICLE TECHNIQUE FORDETECTION OF SHIELDED NUCLEAR MATERIALS (NM) DETECTION OF HEAVILY SHIELDED NM.- USE OF NEUTRON BASED TECHNIQUES IN THE CONTROL OF ILLICIT TRAFFICKING OF FISSILE AND EXPLOSIVE MATERIAL.