Micro and Nanotechnologies in Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues

A cutting-edge look at the application of micro and nanotechnologies in regenerative medicineThe area at the interface of micro/nanotechnology and stem cells/tissue engineering has seen an explosion of activity in recent years. This book provides a much-needed overview of these exciting developments, covering all aspects of micro and nanotechnologies, from the fundamental principles to the latest research to applications in regenerative medicine.Written and edited by the top researchers in the field, Micro and Nanotechnologies in Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues describes advances in material systems along with current techniques available for cell, tissue, and organ studies. Readers will gain tremendous insight into the state of the art of stem cells and tissue engineering, and learn how to use the technology in their own research or clinical trials. Coverage includes:* Technologies for controlling or regulating stem cell and tissue growth* Various engineering approaches for stem cell, vascular tissue, and bone regeneration* The design and processing of biocompatible polymers and other biomaterials* Characterization of the interactions between cells and biomaterialsUnrivaled among books of this kind, Micro and Nanotechnologies in Engineering Stem Cells and Tissues is the ultimate forward-looking reference for researchers in numerous disciplines, from engineering and materials science to biomedicine, and for anyone wishing to understand the trends in this transformative field.

Preface xiiiContributors xv1 Stem Cells and Nanotechnology in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine 11.1 A Brief History of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 11.2 Introduction to Stem Cells, 31.3 Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Strategies, 51.4 Nanotechnology in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, 81.5 Conclusions, 192 Nanofiber Technology for Controlling Stem Cell Functions and Tissue Engineering 272.1 Introduction, 272.2 Fabrication of Nanofibrous Scaffolds by Electrospinning, 302.3 Stem Cells: Type, Origin, and Functionality, 322.4 Stem Cell-Nanofiber Interactions in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, 352.5 Conclusions, 443 Micro- and Nanoengineering Approaches to Developing Gradient Biomaterials Suitable for Interface Tissue Engineering 523.1 Introduction, 523.2 Classification of Gradient Biomaterials, 543.3 Micro- and Nanoengineering Techniques for Fabricating Gradient Biomaterials, 593.4 Conclusions, 704 Microengineered Polymer- and Ceramic-Based Biomaterial Scaffolds: A Topical Review on Design, Processing, and Biocompatibility Properties 804.1 Introduction, 804.2 Dense Hydroxyapatite Versus Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold, 854.3 Property Requirement of Porous Scaffold, 864.4 Design Criteria and Critical Issues with Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering, 884.5 An Exculpation of Porous Scaffolds, 904.6 Overview of Various Processing Techniques of Porous Scaffold, 924.7 Overview of Physicomechanical Properties Evaluation of Porous Scaffold, 954.8 Overview of Biocompatibility Properties: Evaluation of Porous Scaffolds, 1044.9 Outstanding Issues, 1074.10 Conclusions, 1095 Synthetic Enroutes to Engineer Electrospun Scaffolds for Stem Cells and Tissue Regeneration 1195.1 Introduction, 1195.2 Synthetic Enroutes, 1255.3 Novel Nanofibrous Strategies for Stem Cell Regeneration and Differentiation, 1315.4 Conclusions, 1356 Integrating Top-Down and Bottom-Up Scaffolding Tissue Engineering Approach for Bone Regeneration 1426.1 Introduction, 1426.2 Clinic Needs in Bone Regeneration Fields, 1436.3 Bone Regeneration Strategies and Techniques, 1446.4 Future Direction and Concluding Remarks, 1517 Characterization of the Adhesive Interactions Between Cells and Biomaterials 1597.1 Introduction, 1597.2 Adhesion Receptors in Native Tissue, 1607.3 Optimization of Cellular Adhesion Through Biomaterial Modification, 1667.4 Measurement of Cell Adhesion, 1707.5 Conclusions, 1748 Microfluidic Formation of Cell-Laden Hydrogel Modules for Tissue Engineering 1838.1 Introduction, 1838.2 Cell-Laden Hydrogel Modules, 1848.3 Cell Assay Systems Using Microfluidic Devices, 1898.4 Implantable Applications, 1918.5 Tissue Engineering, 1948.6 Summary, 1989 Micro- and Nanospheres for Tissue Engineering 2029.1 Introduction, 2029.2 Materials Classification of Micro- and Nanospheres, 2049.3 Applications of Micro- and Nanospheres in Tissue Engineering, 2059.4 Conclusions, 21210 Micro- and Nanotechnologies to Engineer Bone Regeneration 22010.1 Introduction, 22010.2 Nano-Hydroxyapatite Reinforced Scaffolds, 22110.3 Biodegradable Polymeric Scaffolds and Nanocomposites, 22510.4 Silk Fibers and Scaffolds, 22710.5 Summary, 23111 Micro- and Nanotechnology for Vascular Tissue Engineering 23611.1 Introduction, 23611.2 Conventional Vascular Grafts, 23711.3 Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts, 23711.4 Micro- and Nanotopography in Vascular Tissue Engineering, 23811.5 Micro- and Nanofibrous Scaffolds in Vascular Tissue Engineering, 24111.6 Microvascular Tissue Engineering, 24611.7 Conclusions, 25312 Application of Stem Cells in Ischemic Heart Disease 26112.1 Introduction, 26112.2 Adult Skeletal Myoblast Cells, 26712.3 Adult Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells, 26912.4 Type of Stem Cells Used to Treat Cardiac Diseases, 27312.5 Application, 27712.6 Other Developing Technologies in Cell Engineering, 282Acknowledgments, 293References, 293Index 303