Dissolution

Against the backdrop of one of the great transformations of our century, the sudden and unexpected fall of communism as a ruling system, Charles Maier recounts the history and demise of East Germany. Dissolution is his poignant, analytically provocative account of the decline and fall of the late German Democratic Republic.This book explains the powerful causes for the disintegration of German communism as it constructs the complex history of the GDR. Maier looks at the turning points in East Germany's forty-year history and at the mix of coercion and consent by which the regime functioned. He analyzes the GDR as it evolved from the purges of the 1950s to the peace movements and emerging youth culture of the 1980s, and then turns his attention to charges of Stasi collaboration that surfaced after 1989. In the context of describing the larger collapse of communism, Maier analyzes German elements that had counterparts throughout the Soviet bloc, including its systemic and eventually terminal economic crisis, corruption and privilege in the SED, the influence of the Stasi and the plight of intellectuals and writers, and the slow loss of confidence on the part of the ruling elite. He then discusses the mass protests and proliferation of dissident groups in 1989, the collapse of the ruling party, and the troubled aftermath of unification.Dissolution is the first book that spans the communist collapse and the ensuing process of unification, and that draws on newly available archival documents from the last phases of the GDR, including Stasi reports, transcripts of Politburo and Central Committee debates, and papers from the Economic Planning Commission, the Council of Ministers, and the office files of key party officials. This book is further bolstered by Maier's extensive knowledge of European history and the Cold War, his personal observations and conversations with East Germans during the country's dramatic transition, and memoirs and other eyewitness accounts published during the four-decade history of the GDR.

Charles Maier is an historian whose writing talks both to political scientists and to lay readers no mean feat. Dissolution combines probing historical examination with disciplined and informed political analysis. -- Richard H. Ullman, Princeton University Undoubtedly the most important survey of the GDR and its demise. Readers will find not only an engaging narrative of events but also coverage on broad topics ranging from an analysis of the 'old guard' to post-unification nostalgia. Throughout every facet of this book, we hear Maier's philosophically sophisticated 'voice' leading us through dilemmas created by values, economic realities, political clashes, and cultural ruptures. -- Claudia Koonz, Duke University This is a beautifully written and insightful account of the collapse of the East German regime. It poses important general questions about inevitability and agency in history, and is especially good in analyzing the mood of the East German population itself. It is a wonderfully thoughtful book. -- Paul M. Kennedy, Yale University

Preface xi Chapter One Losing Faith 3 Believers and Victims 3 Real Existing Socialism 22 Privilege, Secrecy, and Complicity 32 A Tethered Consciousness 52 Chapter Two The Economic Collapse 59 The Debt Crisis and the Contradictions of Comecon 59 The Costs of Computerization 73 Retreat from Reform: State Socialism in Retrospect 78 The Archaeology of Coal and Steel 97 Chapter Three The Autumn Upheaval 108 Prologue: A Revolution in Germany 108 Decomposition and Flight 120 Two Languages of Revolution 131 Monday Nights in Leipzig 135 Berlin: Rulers and Ruled 146 Chapter Four Protagonists of the Transition 168 New Forums and Round Tables 169 Redeeming "Civil Society" 185 Political Parties and the Elections of March 18, 1990 195 Chapter Five Unification 215 Still Masters of the Game? Soviet Policy Shifts on Germany 216 2 = 1 or 1 = 1? The Economics of Unification 227 2 + 4 = 1: The Diplomacy of Unification 244 Chapter Six Anschluss and Melancholy 285 Between Two Berlins, 1990 285 Between Socialism and Capitalism 290 Abwicklung: Academic Purge and Renewal 303 Stasi Stains: The Old Regime on Trial 311 Epilogue Wrapped Reichstag, 1995 330 Notes 339 A Note on Sources 421 Index 427