Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia

Through 71 case presentations, Clinical Pediatric Anesthesia covers the field of pediatric anesthesiology with a practical, point-of-care approach. Each concisely written case is organized by introduction, learning objectives, case presentation, discussion, summary, annotated references, and further reading. In a style akin to the oral board examinations, discussions are framed as questions and answers to encourage thorough analysis and understanding by the reader. Key words are highlighted to emphasize important points, and annotated references allow for further exploration of topics. Multiple approaches often exist for the care of children in any given situation, so various options are discussed when appropriate with advantages and disadvantages closely examined. Since questions posed by real-life clinical situations call for active thinking, this case-based book promotes the same evaluation and decision-making skills required of the pediatric anesthesia clinician.

Introduction: How to Use this Book

Contributors

Part 1: Challenges in Pre-operative consultation and preparation
1. Preoperative Anxiety Management
2. Electrolyte Disturbance in Pyloric Stenosis
3. Upper Respiratory Infection
4. Acute Fluid Resuscitation for Intussusception
5. Asthmatic for Adenotosillectomy
6. Do not Resuscitate Orders in the OR
7. Preoperative Fasting in the Pediatric Patient

Part 2: Challenges in Pediatric Pharmacology
8. Malignant Hyperthermia
9. Anaphylaxis
10. Anesthesia for MRI
11. Egg and Soy allergies and Propofol Use

Part 3: Challenges in Airway Management
12. Obstructive Sleep Apnea
13. Foreign body in the airway
14. Laryngospasm
15. Tonsillar Bleed
16. Difficult Airway
17. Airway Reconstruction
18. Laryngeal Papillomatosis
19. Bacterial Tracheitis vs. Epiglottitis

Part 4: Challenges in patients with Pulmonary Disease
20. Intraoperative Wheezing
21. Cystic Fibrosis
22. Pectus Excavatum Repair
23. Difficult Ventilation during Laparoscopic Fundoplication

Part 5: Challenges in Blood and Fluid Management
24. Massive Transfusion in a Child
25. Management of Acutely Burned Children
26. Management of Burn Patients for Grafting and Excision
27. Liver Transplant
28. Craniosynostosis Repair
29. Kidney Transplant

Part 6: Challenges in Congenital Heart Disease
30. Children with Congenital Heart Disease for Non-cardiac Surgery
31. Single Ventricle Physiology
32. Tetralogy of Fallot
33. Cardiac Catheterization
34. Cardiac MRI
35. Pulmonary Hypertension

Part 7: Challenges in Ophthalmology
36. Open Globe Repair

Part 8: Challenges in Neurosurgical Conditions and Neuromonitoring
37. Prone Positoning for Posterior Fossa Tumor Resection
38. Spinal Surgery
39. Awareness and Recall during Anesthesia

Part 9: Challenges in Patients with Hematologic and Oncologic Disorders
40. Sickle Cell Disease
41. Hemophilia
42. Oncology Patient
43. Opioid tolerant patient
44. Mediastinal Mass Biopsy
45. Neuroblastoma Resection

Part 10: Challenges in Metabolic and Endocrinologic Conditions
46. Diabetic Patient
47. Diabetic Ketoacidosis during Appendicitis with Perforation
48. Hypopituitary
49. Mitochondrial Disorder for Muscle Biopsy
50. Obesity

Part 11: Challenges in the Perinatal period
51. Exploratory Laparotomy for Necrotizing Enterocolitis
52. Former Premature Infant for Hernia Repair
53. Tracheoesophageal Fistula Repair
54. Omphalocele/Gastroschisis Repair
55. Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair
56. Myelomeningocele Repair

Part 12: Challenges in Regional Anesthesia and Pain
57. Caudal vs. Penile Block
58. Neonatal Epidural
59. Acute Pain Management
60. Peripheral Nerve Block Catheter for Extremity Surgery
61. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in the Emergency Department

Part 13: Challenges in Pediatric Syndromes
62. Down Syndrome
63. Muscular Dystrophy
64. Mucopolysaccharidoses
65. Epidermolysis Bullosa
66. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
67. Cerebral Palsy

Part 14: Challenges in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit
68. Emergence Agitation
69. Stridor after Extubation
70. Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in a Patient with Prolonged QTc
71. Disclosure after Complication in the OR

Index