Binary Bullets

Philosophical and ethical discussions of warfare are often tied to emerging technologies and techniques. Today we are presented with what many believe is a radical shift in the nature of war-the realization of conflict in the cyber-realm, the so-called "fifth domain" of warfare. Does an aggressive act in the cyber-realm constitute an act of war? If so, what rules should govern such warfare? Are the standard theories of just war capable of analyzing and assessing this mode of conflict? These changing circumstances present us with a series of questions demanding serious attention. Is there such a thing as cyberwarfare? How do the existing rules of engagement and theories from the just war tradition apply to cyberwarfare? How should we assess a cyber-attack conducted by a state agency against private enterprise and vice versa? Furthermore, how should actors behave in the cyber-realm? Are there ethical norms that can be applied to the cyber-realm? Are the classic just war constraints of non-combatant immunity and proportionality possible in this realm? Especially given the idea that events that are constrained within the cyber-realm do not directly physically harm anyone, what do traditional ethics of war conventions say about this new space? These questions strike at the very center of contemporary intellectual discussion over the ethics of war.In twelve original essays, plus a foreword from John Arquilla and an introduction, Binary Bullets: The Ethics of Cyberwarfare, engages these questions head on with contributions from the top scholars working in this field today.

ContentsNotes on ContributorsForeword John ArquillaIntroductionI Foundational Norms for Cyberwarfare1. Emerging Norms for Cyberwarfare George R. Lucas, Jr.2. The Emergence of International Legal Norms for Cyber-Conflict Michael N. Schmitt and Liis Vihul3. Distinctive Ethical Issues of Cyberwarfare Randall R. DipertII Cyberwarfare and the Just War Tradition4. Cyber Chevauchées: Cyber War Can Happen David Whetham5. Cyberwarfare as Ideal War Ryan Jenkins6. Post-Cyber: Dealing With The Aftermath of Cyber-Attacks Brian OrendIII ETHOS OF CYBERWARFARE7. Beyond Tallinn: The Code of the Cyber-Warrior?" Matthew Beard8. Immune from Cyber-Fire? The Psychological & Physiological Effects of Cyberwarfare Daphna Canetti, Michael L. Gross, & Israel Waismel-Manor9. Beyond Machines: Humans in Cyber Operations, Espionage, and Conflict David Danks and Joseph H. DanksIV CYBERWARFARE, DECEPTION, AND PRIVACY10. Cyber Perfidy, Ruse, and Deception Heather M. Roff11. Cyber-attacks and 'Dirty Hands': Cyberwar, Cyber-crimes or Covert Political Action? Seumas Miller12. Moral Concerns with Cyber Espionage: Automated Key-word Searches and Data-Mining Michael SkerkerIndex